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Cure for hematopoietic and genetic disorders - Stem cells


What is stem cell?
A cell from multi cellular organism, which capable of raising new cells or more cells of same type and from which different kind of cells can be raised by differentiation.
(Organisms which are having more than one cell are called multi cellular organisms)

What is Card Blood?
Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth. Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders.

What is the use of Preserving Stem cells?
To treat diseases that harm the blood and immune system, such as leukemia and certain cancers, sickle-cell anemia, and some metabolic disorders. Any type of organs can be created and any almost all deadly diseases can be cured.

 Two ways:
a) Embryonic Stem cells
b) Adult stem cells

 a) Embryonic Stem cells:
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a four- or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development. This is available in umbilical cord after childbirth.
We can differentiate any kind of cells by the stems cells collected in umbilical cord, as they have total potential to develop into any cell in the body.

 b) Adult Stem cells:
These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver. These are limited in their ability to differentiate based on their tissue of origin.

 Procedure of preserving Stem Cells OR card blood stem cells:
Cord blood banking, it is the process of  preserving the stem cells in the umbilical cord under cryogenic conditions for decades so that they can be retrieved and used when required for therapeutic reasons.
Once sample testing done on the collected stem cells that are viable with no contamination and good number of cell count, they are placed in cryo vials which are designed for storage of biological material, human or animal cells, at temperatures as low as -190°C.

The cryo vials are kept inside aluminum canisters and left within the controlled rate freezer. The canisters are then placed in the cryopreservation cylinders that are filled with liquid nitrogen to maintain the freezing temperature.

Referenced links:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/stem_cell
http://www.lifecell.in/blog/how-are-stem-cells-preserved
https://www.emsdiasum.com/microscopy/products/cryofixation/cryo_vials_racks.aspx
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Comments

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