What is
stem cell?
A cell from multi cellular organism, which capable of raising new
cells or more cells of same type and from which different kind of cells can be
raised by differentiation.
(Organisms which are having more than one cell are called multi cellular
organisms)
What is Card
Blood?
Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in
the attached umbilical cord after childbirth. Cord blood is collected because
it contains stem cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic
disorders.
What is
the use of Preserving Stem cells?
To treat diseases that harm the blood and immune system, such as
leukemia and certain cancers, sickle-cell anemia, and some metabolic disorders.
Any type of organs can be created and any almost all deadly diseases can be
cured.
Two ways:
a) Embryonic Stem cells
b) Adult stem cells
a) Embryonic Stem cells:
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a four- or five-day-old
human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development. This is available
in umbilical cord after childbirth.
We can differentiate any kind of cells by the stems cells
collected in umbilical cord, as they have total potential to develop into any
cell in the body.
b) Adult Stem cells:
These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain,
bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver. These
are limited in their ability to differentiate based on their tissue of origin.
Procedure of preserving Stem Cells OR card blood stem cells:
Cord blood banking, it is the process of preserving the stem cells in the umbilical
cord under cryogenic conditions for decades so that they can be retrieved and
used when required for therapeutic reasons.
Once sample testing done on the collected stem cells that are
viable with no contamination and good number of cell count, they are placed in
cryo vials which are designed for storage of biological material, human or
animal cells, at temperatures as low as -190°C.
The cryo vials are kept inside aluminum canisters and left within
the controlled rate freezer. The canisters are then placed in the
cryopreservation cylinders that are filled with liquid nitrogen to maintain the
freezing temperature.
Referenced links:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/stem_cell
http://www.lifecell.in/blog/how-are-stem-cells-preserved
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